A UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the determination of 11 aldehydes and ketones in electronic cigarette liquid (e-liquid) and aerosol. 1.0 g e-liquid was weighed into a 10 mL volumetric flask, and 5.0 ml DNPH solution with concentration of 1.5 g/L was added, then diluted with 50 % acetonitrile to obtain 10 mL solution. A calibrated aerosol generating machine was used to produce aerosol at 3 s puff duration, 55 mL puff volume and 30 s puff interval. Two impingers were connected in series to collect 100 puffs of aerosol at room temperature. The e-cigarette device used was a RELX Pod Pro type with 6.5W. The e-liquids sample solution and aerosols sample solution were detected by UPLC-MS/MS and the analytical method was evaluated. The linearities of 11 compounds were satisfactory (R² = 0.990 - 0.999) when the concentrations were in the range of 0.002 - 0.1 μg/mL. And RSDs of 11 components in the precision test solution ranged from 1.6 % to 3.4 %. The recoveries of spiked solutions were 75.0 % ~ 119.0 %. The results showed that this method is rapid, specific, and stable, and can be applied for the detection of 11 carbonyl compounds in e-liquids and aerosols. Therefore it is also suitable for routine quality control of e-cigarette products.