In May 2022, FDA issued a proposed rule to ban menthol in cigarettes. The agency - based on a review of internal and external analyses - projects that a menthol cigarette ban will save as many as 654,000 lives over forty years, in part from existing menthol cigarette users switching to less harmful nicotine products. These analyses assume a risk continuum policy framework that supports the increased and sustained use of less harmful tobacco products. However, the impacts of a menthol ban in cigarettes may depend on the availability of non-tobacco flavors in other tobacco products.