In May 2016, the jurisdiction of the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act was extended to include all tobacco products, including cigars. Because limited information exists on the chemistry of cigar filler and smoke, 60 brands of popular little cigars sold in the US were characterized for physical properties (i.e., tobacco weight, rod length, and rod diameter), tobacco filler nicotine, NNK, NNN, and pH, using validated in-house methods. Preliminary analysis shows mean tobacco weight at 1085 (range 767 – 1367) mg; mean rod length at 97.4 (range 73.9 – 100) mm; mean rod diameter at 7.8 (range 6.8 - 8.4) mm; mean concentrations for: 1.) nicotine at 12.7 (range 7.9 - 21.0) mg/g tobacco; 2.) NNK at 1118 (range 26 - 2950) ng/g tobacco; 3.) NNN at 4714 (range 1440 - 12100) ng/g tobacco; and mean pH at 6.2 (range 5.4 - 6.6). Using tobacco pH, the mean free nicotine concentration was determined to be 0.21 (range 0.05 - 0.33) mg/g tobacco, with the mean percent free nicotine at 1.7% (range 0.2% - 3.8%). Unlike other types of cigars, little cigars are similar to cigarettes with respect to size and components. A preliminary comparison of the 60 little cigars with 50 popular cigarettes shows differences between these product categories. The mean total nicotine concentration of little cigars is lower than that of cigarettes (12.7 vs. 19.2 mg/g tobacco), while the mean NNK and NNN concentrations of little cigars are higher (1118 vs 523 and 4714 vs 1901 ng/g tobacco, respectively). The mean pH of the little cigars is greater than that for cigarettes (pH 6.2 versus pH 5.5), causing them to have a higher mean free nicotine than the cigarettes (0.21 vs. 0.05 mg/g tobacco; 1.7% vs. 0.3% for the percent free nicotine). The data suggest that despite their similarities to cigarettes, little cigars may deliver more free nicotine and expose users to more harmful chemicals.