The process of cigarette smoke aerosol being captured by a single fiber was observed with a microscope and CCD through an established micro observation channel. The images obtained were then binarized to investigate the influences of monofilament denier, particle concentration and gas flow rate on the coverage of the smoke aerosol particles on the surface of the monofilament. The results showed that: within the same time, (1) the coverage of particles on the surface of the fiber filaments increased with the decrease of the monofilament denier of the sectional profiled fiber, (2) the coverage of particles on the surface of the fiber filaments increased as the particulate concentration increased, and (3) the coverage of particles on the surface of the fiber filaments increased as the gas velocity increased within a certain range of gas flow rates.