To investigate the structure and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in cigar products, the bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions in 10 representative cigar samples were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing technology. The abundance of sequences, alpha diversity, structure of microbial communities and species clustering were analysed based on sequencing data. The results showed that: (1) The diversity of bacteria and fungi in cigar samples were abundant. A total of 360 bacterial genera and 49 fungal genera were identified, and the highest diversities of bacterial and fungal communities were observed in the samples of Brand C and E, respectively. (2) Firmicutes and Ascomycota were the dominant phyla, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Aspergillus genera were the dominant genera in the cigar samples. (3) Significant differences were observed in the diversity and structure of bacterial and fungal communities among these samples. Cluster analysis suggested that the distribution of microbial communities in the samples of Brand H and I from the same country was similar. This study analysed the microbial community composition in cigars, provides a guideline on the isolation of beneficial strains to improve the quality of cigars, and has important theoretical significance and potential application value.