Influence of nitrogen application rate and method on yield and leaf chemistry of tobacco growth with drip irrigation and plastic mulch
Due to more intensive management, higher yield potential, and possible changes in root morphology, flue-cured tobacco grown with drip irrigation and plastic mulch may require higher N rates than conventionally grown tobacco to obtain optimum yield and quality. In a plastic mulch/drip irrigation production system, nutrients can be applied pre-plant or injected directly into the drip irrigation system as a water-soluble fertilizer. Field experiments were conducted in South Carolina during 1994 and 1995 to determine the optimum rate and application method for a drip irrigation/plastic mulch system. Nitrogen fertilizer treatments consisted of 84, 100, 118, and 134 kg ha-1 N in various combinations of pre-plant and injected into the drip system. Cured-leaf yields, grade index, and leaf N concentration increased with increasing N rate. Reducing sugars decreased with increasing N application, while total alkaloid levels increased slightly. Cured leaf sugar to alkaloid ratio improved as N rate increased. Pre-plant fertilization was as effective as injection into the drip irrigation (fertigation) with respect to yield, quality, and cured leaf chemistry.