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Bull. Spec. CORESTA Congress, Jerez de la Frontera, 1992, p. 95, ST21, ISSN.0525-6240

Implications of air flow on relative cigarette ignition propensity

ADIGA K.C.; PHAM M.; HONEYCUTT R.H.
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp., Louisville, KY, USA
Smoldering initiation and combustion are oxygen-limited processes and are sensitive to oxygen transport by air flow. Based on this, it may be anticipated that ignition of soft furnishings by smoldering cigarettes may be significantly influenced by air flows in the surroundings. Hence studies were conducted to assess the implications of air flow on the relative ignition propensities of cigarettes on soft furnishing mock-ups made up of Denim fabric over polyurethane foam. Previous study by the Technical Study Group (TSG) under the Cigarette Fire Safety Act (1984) reported tentative test methods using cigarettes placed on bench-scale furniture mock-ups and reported design parameters that could be modified to create low ignition propensity cigarettes. According to this work, experimental cigarettes with a high expanded tobacco content, low paper porosity or combinations of these properties show low ignitions. However, this study did not address air flow implications on the test outcome in detail. In the present work, ignition propensities of an experimental cigarette with 100% expanded tobacco and low paper porosity (J) and a cigarette with packing density and paper porosity typical of commercial cigarettes (G) have been studied under modest air flow conditions (<20 ft/min), in a forward smolder mode. In order to observe a broader range of ignition propensities, a smolder promoter, K+ was added to the fabric. Ignition propensities of cigarettes were evaluated at increasing K+ levels, in the range 400-2000 ppm. In the absence of air flow, cigarette G (typical) was more ignition prone than J (experimental) at all concentrations above 1000 ppm of K+. This was consistent with the previous report by the TSG. However, under modest air flow conditions (<20 ft/min), cigarette J showed more ignitions as compared to G. The observed trend also indicates significant implications on the ignition test methods in terms of choice and control of air flow. Further work is undervay to evaluate a broader range of cigarette designs, fabrics and air flows.