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CORESTA Congress, Kyoto, 2004, APOST 14

Ecologically acceptable production of tobacco seedlings

TURŠIC I.; HAMEL D.; MESIC H.; SANZ R.; RADULOVIC V.
Tobacco Institute Zagreb, Croatia.

Tobacco is an economically important crop in Croatia. The main type of tobacco in Croatia is Virginia flue-cured tobacco, which is grown on about 6000 hectares in northern Croatia. In this region, around 2000 farmers are involved in tobacco production. The average size of the family farm is 3-5 hectares. They produce about 12000 tons dry leaves of tobacco per year. Methyl bromide has been used in Croatia for more than forty years, for control of pest insects, nematodes, weeds and soil pathogens in tobacco transplant production. Methyl bromide is not manufactured in Croatia, and is therefore imported mainly from the USA and Israel, which accounted for a total import of around 20 tons. Experiments have started to find the best suitable treatment in seed-beds between solarization plus biofumigation and floating tray system (non-soil cultivation), in combination with an integrated pest management program to improve the conventional way of production of plants in seed-beds treated with methyl bromide. The result of two years experiment (UNIDO Project No. MP/CRO/98/058-Demonstration project "Three alternatives to use of methyl bromide in tobacco production namely solarization plus bio-fumigation and the non-soil cultivation all in combination with and integrated pest management program") have shown that in our agroecological conditions, seedlings of good quality can be produced on the plot with floating tray system as an alternative for the methyl bromide. Seedling produced on the floating tray system were equally developed and of equal quality. The acceptance, growing and the development of such plants in the field were better. This prompt research into new seedling production technologies without methyl bromide in order to prevent its adverse effect on the ozone layer, as well as to avoid leaching of bromine salts into groundwater. Pursuant to the directive of the Ministry of Agriculture, use of CH3Br in Croatia is allowed in the tobacco seedling production until December 2005. Now in Croatia we used methyl bromide only 20% in produced tobacco seedlings.