Actual human smoking parameters can differ significantly from those used in the FTC/CORESTA machine-smoking standard methods. To analyze and compare the smoke yields obtained by standardized machine-smoking and by using AHS conditions, the smoking profiles of low-"tar"/low- nicotine and medium-"tar"/medium-nicotine cigarette smokers were assessed with a "Smoke Inhalation Testing System". The machine-smoking parameters (puff volume, puff duration, puff frequency, butt length) were then adjusted to simulate various human smoking profiles and the mainstream smoke (MS) was collected on 44-mm Cambridge filters and analyzed for the levels of "tar", nicotine, tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA), and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). When smoked under AHS conditions, a 9 mg-"tar"/0.7 mg-nicotine cigarette delivered 30 mg "tar" and 2.2 mg nicotine (3.2-fold increase). The yields of N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), and the total TSNA also increased 3.1-fold in average (NNN: from 167 ng/cig. to 543 ng/cig.; NNK: from 92 to 293; total TSNA: from 433 to 1,280). The amount of BaP in the MS generated under AHS conditions was 2-fold higher compared to standard smoking conditions (15.2 vs 7.72 ng/cig.). The results of this study and their implications will be discussed.