Ecosystem degradation is a major environmental problem in Shandong tobacco-planting soil. Aiming to rationally utilise wheat straw resources to improve soil biological quality, a two-year field experiment was carried out to investigate the changes of soil bacterial community in the tobacco-planting field based on the high-throughput sequencing technology of 16S rRNA V3~V4 regions. Soil physicochemical indices were used to explore the main control soil environmental factors affecting the change of soil bacterial community. Four treatments were set up as follows: chemical fertiliser only (CK), 6.75 t hm^-2 wheat straw plus chemical fertilizer (WS), 2.25 t hm^-2 (FB1) and 4.50 t hm^-2 (FB2) wheat straw-derived biochar plus chemical fertiliser. After two years, the result showed that the WS and FB2 treatments increased the soil operational taxonomic units (OTU) numbers, alpha diversity indices of soil microbe Chao1, Ace and Shannon compared with CK. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was significant or extremely significantly and positively correlated with Ace, Chao1 and Shannon indices. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the MBC explained 39.7 % of the bacterial Ace index, 75.1 % of the Chao1 index and 32.0 % of the Shannon index, respectively. Treatments of WS and FB2 significantly increased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis showed that the addition of straw or biochar changed the structure of soil bacterial community. Redundancy analysis (RDA) analysis showed the soil total organic carbon (TOC) and soil available potassium (AK) were the dominant factors to the changes of soil bacterial community structure. Overall, the diversity and structure of bacterial communities were improved due to wheat straw or its biochar addition. MBC explained the changes of soil microbial diversity. TOC and AK were the dominant environmental factors for soil bacterial community change in tobacco-planting soil.