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CORESTA Meeting, Agronomy/Phytopathology, 2021, Online, AP 06

Auxin herbicide exposure: comparisons of 2,4-D and dicamba drift to flue-cured tobacco

VANN M.C.(1); JORDAN D.L.(1); FISHER L.R.(2)
(1) North Carolina State University, Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A.; (2) NC Agriculture Research Service, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A.

Auxin herbicide application has increased in North Carolina due to the commercialization of 2,4-D and dicamba tolerant crops. Flue-cured tobacco is extremely sensitive to both herbicides, yet is commonly grown in close proximity to genetically modified crops that are resistant to both chemicals. Direct crop response comparisons of each herbicide following a physical drift event have not been reported in flue-cured tobacco. Research was conducted in four North Carolina environments to compare five fractional rates of both herbicides: 1/2, 1/8, 1/32, 1/128, and 1/512 of 280 g acid equivalent (ae) dicamba and 540 g ae 2,4-D ha-1. Pairwise comparisons for each fractional rate were compared. Among each of the fractional rates evaluated, visual injury was greatest following exposure to dicamba. One week after exposure, dicamba injury was generally twice that of 2,4-D. The same trend was also documented two weeks after exposure; however, differences ranged from one-third to two-thirds less, depending upon rate. Cured leaf yield was similar between herbicides at the 1/512 concentration; however, 2,4-D treatments out yielded dicamba at all other rates. Regression analyses were also conducted within each herbicide. 2,4-D injury followed a linear model and was maximized at the 1/2 rate. In contrast, dicamba injury followed a quadratic model and was maximized between the 1/128 and 1/512 exposure rates (95-96 g ae ha-1). The maximum yield reduction within the 2,4-D and dicamba regression models was 1,177 kg ha-1 and 1,371 kg ha-1, respectively. Green and cured leaf residues were not detected. Our results demonstrate the damaging potential of the commonly used auxin herbicides in North Carolina and reinforce the caution that should be exercised when applying them in close proximity to flue-cured tobacco.